Summary

Adds a dataretrieval.wateruse module for retrieving USGS National Water
Availability Assessment Data Companion (NWDC) water-use estimates from
https://api.water.usgs.gov/nwaa-data/data. Estimates are modeled on a HUC12
grid and queryable by county, state, or hydrologic unit. This is the modern
replacement for the defunct legacy NWIS water-use service, so
nwis.get_water_use now points callers here.

It covers the same data as the R
dataRetrieval::read_waterdata_use_data
getter, but is written to the Python package's conventions rather than ported
from the R structure.

from dataretrieval import wateruse

df, md = wateruse.get_wateruse(
    model="wu-public-supply-wd",
    variable=["pswdtot", "pswdgw", "pswdsw"],
    state="RI",
    start_date="2020-01",
    time_resolution="monthly",
)

Design notes

The NWDC is a plain CSV REST service, not an OGC API Features collection —
it has no /collections or /conformance, and its error envelope is
{"detail": ...} rather than the OGC engine's {code, description}. So it does
not use the high-level OGC path (get_ogc_data, the CQL2 byte-chunker, the
GeoJSON pager). It does reuse the engine's generic transport plumbing,
supplying only NWDC-specific strategies, and stays consistent with the package
where the shared pieces fit:

• Returns the conventional (DataFrame, BaseMetadata) tuple.
• Reuses utils._default_headers(), so the documented API_USGS_PAT token
  raises the NWDC rate limit just as it does for the OGC getters.
• Raises through the shared typed DataRetrievalError taxonomy (via
  utils._raise_for_status with an injected detail extractor), surfacing the
  NWDC detail (e.g. "Invalid model name: ...") in the message.
• Locations are idiomatic state / county / huc selectors (mirroring
  ngwmn / waterdata), each accepting a single value or a list. Since NWDC
  takes one location per request, a multi-value selector fans out — one
  request per location, run concurrently over a shared client.
• Date / resolution params are idiomatic snake_case (start_date, end_date,
  time_resolution), mapped to the NWDC wire names internally.
• Multi-valued variable is comma-joined into a single GET.
• Pagination is real and handled transparently. Large areas paginate with
  an RFC 8288 Link: <...>; rel="next" header (a huc2 → 7 pages, a populous
  state → 4; small queries → a single page). wateruse drives the engine's
  generic _paginate with NWDC parse / cursor / error strategies and
  concatenates the pages.
• huc12_id is parsed as a string so leading zeros survive.

Engine refactor

Building wateruse surfaced that it could reuse the OGC engine's transport
instead of re-implementing it — and extracting the reusable seams also
de-duplicated the engine itself. Net source ≈ −66 LOC, behavior-preserving:

• planning._merge_response — one low-level "fold N responses into one"
  behind both pagination (_paginate) and the chunked / fan-out aggregation
  (_combine_chunk_responses), replacing two near-duplicate implementations.
• utils.Ambient[T] — a small generic ContextVar-with-scope class that
  collapses each per-call ambient (_row_cap, _ogc_base_url, _dialect, the
  chunker's _chunked_client) from a var + hand-written @contextmanager
  setter pair into a single declaration.
• Rate-limit correctness fix: x-ratelimit-remaining now reports the
  lowest value any concurrent sub-request saw (the quota actually left after
  a fan-out) via a shared _lowest_remaining, instead of the last-by-index —
  fixing a latent inaccuracy in the OGC chunker too.

What's included

• dataretrieval/wateruse.py, wired into dataretrieval/__init__.py.
• The engine refactor across ogc/{engine,planning,chunking}.py, utils.py,
  and waterdata/utils.py.
• tests/wateruse_test.py — offline pytest-httpx coverage: single-page parse,
  string huc12_id, comma-joined variables, dropped-None params, snake_case →
  wire-name mapping, Link-header pagination, bare-host
  normalization, shared-header reuse, state/county/huc selectors + fan-out, and
  typed-error / detail handling; plus updates to tests/waterdata_* for the
  engine changes.
• docs/source/reference/wateruse.rst + toctree entry.
• README.md usage example and "Available Data Services" entry.
• demos/USGS_WaterUse_Examples.ipynb — a motivating walkthrough (where
  Wisconsin's public water supply comes from, and its summer demand peak).

Verification

• Offline suites pass — wateruse plus the OGC engine / chunking / utils suites
  the refactor touches; ruff check / ruff format / mypy --strict clean.
• Smoke-tested against the live API: single- and multi-page queries, monthly
  and annual resolutions, paginated results byte-identical to the unpaginated
  equivalent, concurrent fan-out over multiple states, and the lowest-remaining
  rate-limit header confirmed.

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