diff --git a/gradle/libs.versions.toml b/gradle/libs.versions.toml
index 9683ca2ca7..56b26743f9 100644
--- a/gradle/libs.versions.toml
+++ b/gradle/libs.versions.toml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ androidx-fragment = "1.6.1"
 okhttp-min-sdk-version = "21"
 kotlin-compiler-extension = "1.5.5"
 androidx-benchmark = "1.5.0-alpha05"
-compile-sdk-version = "36"
+compile-sdk-version = "37"
 androidx-multidex = "2.0.1"
 autoservice = "1.0-rc3"
 autoservice-annotations = "1.0.1"
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ mockwebserver = "3.0.0-RC1"
 okhttp2 = "2.7.5"
 okhttp3 = "3.10.0"
 okhttp4 = "4.10.0"
-robolectric = "4.11.1"
+robolectric = "4.16"
 rx-android = "1.2.1"
 rx-java = "1.3.8"
 svg = "1.2.1"
diff --git a/integration/sqljournaldiskcache/build.gradle.kts b/integration/sqljournaldiskcache/build.gradle.kts
index 09ce9083ec..359cd56d84 100644
--- a/integration/sqljournaldiskcache/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/integration/sqljournaldiskcache/build.gradle.kts
@@ -1,32 +1,30 @@
-plugins {
-    id("com.android.library")
-}
+plugins { id("com.android.library") }
 
 android {
-    namespace = "com.bumptech.glide.integration.sqljournaldiskcache"
+  namespace = "com.bumptech.glide.integration.sqljournaldiskcache"
 
-    compileSdk = libs.versions.compile.sdk.version.get().toInt()
+  compileSdk = libs.versions.compile.sdk.version.get().toInt()
 
-    defaultConfig { minSdk = libs.versions.min.sdk.version.get().toInt() }
+  defaultConfig { minSdk = libs.versions.min.sdk.version.get().toInt() }
 
-    compileOptions {
-        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
-        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
-    }
+  compileOptions {
+    sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
+    targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
+  }
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation(project(":library"))
-    implementation(libs.errorprone.annotations)
+  implementation(project(":library"))
+  implementation(libs.errorprone.annotations)
 
-    testImplementation(libs.guava.testlib)
-    testImplementation(libs.truth)
-    testImplementation(libs.junit)
-    testImplementation(libs.mockito.core)
-    testImplementation(libs.robolectric)
-    testImplementation(libs.androidx.test.core)
-    testImplementation(libs.androidx.junit)
-    testImplementation(libs.androidx.test.runner)
+  testImplementation(libs.guava.testlib)
+  testImplementation(libs.truth)
+  testImplementation(libs.junit)
+  testImplementation(libs.mockito.core)
+  testImplementation(libs.robolectric)
+  testImplementation(libs.androidx.test.core)
+  testImplementation(libs.androidx.junit)
+  testImplementation(libs.androidx.test.runner)
 }
 
 apply(from = "${rootProject.projectDir}/scripts/upload.gradle.kts")
diff --git a/integration/sqljournaldiskcache/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/integration/sqljournaldiskcache/JournaledLruDiskCacheTest.java b/integration/sqljournaldiskcache/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/integration/sqljournaldiskcache/JournaledLruDiskCacheTest.java
index 1406df814e..0fdf0f392d 100644
--- a/integration/sqljournaldiskcache/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/integration/sqljournaldiskcache/JournaledLruDiskCacheTest.java
+++ b/integration/sqljournaldiskcache/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/integration/sqljournaldiskcache/JournaledLruDiskCacheTest.java
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
-import static org.robolectric.Shadows.shadowOf;
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.Looper;
@@ -20,6 +19,8 @@
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.robolectric.shadow.api.Shadow;
+import org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowLooper;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 public class JournaledLruDiskCacheTest {
@@ -322,7 +323,7 @@ public void eviction_removesFirstPutFile() {
 
   // Eviction is triggered by posts.
   private static void onIdleWorkerThread() {
-    shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).idle();
+    ((ShadowLooper) Shadow.extract(Looper.getMainLooper())).idle();
   }
 
   @Test
diff --git a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/data/mediastore/ThumbnailStreamOpenerTest.java b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/data/mediastore/ThumbnailStreamOpenerTest.java
index bdda77a451..e2cd0450a6 100644
--- a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/data/mediastore/ThumbnailStreamOpenerTest.java
+++ b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/data/mediastore/ThumbnailStreamOpenerTest.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.bumptech.glide.load.data.mediastore;
 
 import static com.bumptech.glide.RobolectricConstants.ROBOLECTRIC_SDK;
+import static com.bumptech.glide.testutil.CustomShadows.shadowOf;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
@@ -32,7 +33,6 @@
 import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
-import org.robolectric.Shadows;
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Config;
 import org.robolectric.fakes.RoboCursor;
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public void testClosesCursor() throws FileNotFoundException {
   @Test
   public void testReturnsOpenedInputStreamWhenFileFound() throws FileNotFoundException {
     InputStream expected = new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[0]);
-    Shadows.shadowOf(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext().getContentResolver())
+    shadowOf(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext().getContentResolver())
         .registerInputStream(harness.uri, expected);
     assertEquals(expected, harness.get().open(harness.uri));
   }
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ public void testVideoQueryReturnsVideoCursor() {
     ThumbFetcher.VideoThumbnailQuery query =
         new ThumbFetcher.VideoThumbnailQuery(getContentResolver());
     RoboCursor testCursor = new RoboCursor();
-    Shadows.shadowOf(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext().getContentResolver())
+    shadowOf(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext().getContentResolver())
         .setCursor(queryUri, testCursor);
     assertEquals(testCursor, query.query(harness.uri));
   }
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ public void testImageQueryReturnsImageCursor() {
     ThumbFetcher.ImageThumbnailQuery query =
         new ThumbFetcher.ImageThumbnailQuery(getContentResolver());
     RoboCursor testCursor = new RoboCursor();
-    Shadows.shadowOf(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext().getContentResolver())
+    shadowOf(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext().getContentResolver())
         .setCursor(queryUri, testCursor);
     assertEquals(testCursor, query.query(harness.uri));
   }
diff --git a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/ActiveResourcesTest.java b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/ActiveResourcesTest.java
index 96a70eae2f..6377496b4e 100644
--- a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/ActiveResourcesTest.java
+++ b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/ActiveResourcesTest.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.bumptech.glide.load.engine;
 
+import static com.bumptech.glide.testutil.CustomShadows.shadowOf;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
-import org.robolectric.Shadows;
 
 @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
 public class ActiveResourcesTest {
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ private void waitForLatch(CountDownLatch latch) {
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
       throw new RuntimeException(e);
     }
-    Shadows.shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).runToEndOfTasks();
+    shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).runToEndOfTasks();
   }
 
   private CountDownLatch getLatchForClearedRef() {
diff --git a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/EngineJobTest.java b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/EngineJobTest.java
index 9229d600e9..71cf8e9d79 100644
--- a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/EngineJobTest.java
+++ b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/EngineJobTest.java
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import static com.bumptech.glide.tests.Util.anyResource;
 import static com.bumptech.glide.tests.Util.isADataSource;
 import static com.bumptech.glide.tests.Util.mockResource;
+import static com.bumptech.glide.testutil.CustomShadows.shadowOf;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
@@ -37,7 +38,6 @@
 import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
 import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer;
 import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
-import org.robolectric.Shadows;
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Config;
 import org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowLooper;
 
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ public void testDoesNotNotifyCancelledIfReceivedException() {
   @Test
   public void testReleasesResourceIfCancelledOnReady() {
     Looper looper = harness.mainHandler.getLooper();
-    Shadows.shadowOf(looper).pause();
+    shadowOf(looper).pause();
 
     final EngineJob<Object> job = harness.getJob();
     job.start(harness.decodeJob);
diff --git a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/ResourceRecyclerTest.java b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/ResourceRecyclerTest.java
index 94767b4d8e..aea2eec04d 100644
--- a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/ResourceRecyclerTest.java
+++ b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/ResourceRecyclerTest.java
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import static com.bumptech.glide.RobolectricConstants.ROBOLECTRIC_SDK;
 import static com.bumptech.glide.tests.Util.mockResource;
+import static com.bumptech.glide.testutil.CustomShadows.shadowOf;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@
 import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
 import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer;
 import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
-import org.robolectric.Shadows;
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Config;
 
 @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public void setUp() {
   @Test
   public void recycle_withoutForceNextFrame_recyclesResourceSynchronously() {
     Resource<?> resource = mockResource();
-    Shadows.shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).pause();
+    shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).pause();
     recycler.recycle(resource, /* forceNextFrame= */ false);
     verify(resource).recycle();
   }
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ public void recycle_withoutForceNextFrame_recyclesResourceSynchronously() {
   @Test
   public void recycle_withForceNextFrame_postsRecycle() {
     Resource<?> resource = mockResource();
-    Shadows.shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).pause();
+    shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).pause();
     recycler.recycle(resource, /* forceNextFrame= */ true);
     verify(resource, never()).recycle();
-    Shadows.shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).runToEndOfTasks();
+    shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).runToEndOfTasks();
     verify(resource).recycle();
   }
 
@@ -60,14 +60,14 @@ public Void answer(InvocationOnMock invocationOnMock) throws Throwable {
         .when(parent)
         .recycle();
 
-    Shadows.shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).pause();
+    shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).pause();
 
     recycler.recycle(parent, /* forceNextFrame= */ false);
 
     verify(parent).recycle();
     verify(child, never()).recycle();
 
-    Shadows.shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).runOneTask();
+    shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).runOneTask();
 
     verify(child).recycle();
   }
diff --git a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/cache/MemorySizeCalculatorTest.java b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/cache/MemorySizeCalculatorTest.java
index 67c4f20e2a..748c069d5a 100644
--- a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/cache/MemorySizeCalculatorTest.java
+++ b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/engine/cache/MemorySizeCalculatorTest.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.bumptech.glide.load.engine.cache;
 
+import static com.bumptech.glide.testutil.CustomShadows.shadowOf;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
-import org.robolectric.Shadows;
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Config;
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Implementation;
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Implements;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public void tearDown() {
 
   @Test
   public void testDefaultMemoryCacheSizeIsTwiceScreenSize() {
-    Shadows.shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(getLargeEnoughMemoryClass());
+    shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(getLargeEnoughMemoryClass());
 
     float memoryCacheSize = harness.getCalculator().getMemoryCacheSize();
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public void testDefaultMemoryCacheSizeIsTwiceScreenSize() {
   @Test
   public void testCanSetCustomMemoryCacheSize() {
     harness.memoryCacheScreens = 9.5f;
-    Shadows.shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(getLargeEnoughMemoryClass());
+    shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(getLargeEnoughMemoryClass());
 
     float memoryCacheSize = harness.getCalculator().getMemoryCacheSize();
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public void testDefaultMemoryCacheSizeIsLimitedByMemoryClass() {
     final int memoryClassBytes =
         Math.round(harness.getScreenSize() * harness.memoryCacheScreens * harness.sizeMultiplier);
 
-    Shadows.shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(memoryClassBytes / (1024 * 1024));
+    shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(memoryClassBytes / (1024 * 1024));
 
     float memoryCacheSize = harness.getCalculator().getMemoryCacheSize();
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ public void testDefaultMemoryCacheSizeIsLimitedByMemoryClass() {
 
   @Test
   public void testDefaultBitmapPoolSize() {
-    Shadows.shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(getLargeEnoughMemoryClass());
+    shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(getLargeEnoughMemoryClass());
 
     float bitmapPoolSize = harness.getCalculator().getBitmapPoolSize();
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public void testDefaultBitmapPoolSize() {
   @Test
   public void testCanSetCustomBitmapPoolSize() {
     harness.bitmapPoolScreens = 2f;
-    Shadows.shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(getLargeEnoughMemoryClass());
+    shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(getLargeEnoughMemoryClass());
 
     float bitmapPoolSize = harness.getCalculator().getBitmapPoolSize();
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public void testDefaultBitmapPoolSizeIsLimitedByMemoryClass() {
     final int memoryClassBytes =
         Math.round(harness.getScreenSize() * harness.bitmapPoolScreens * harness.sizeMultiplier);
 
-    Shadows.shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(memoryClassBytes / (1024 * 1024));
+    shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(memoryClassBytes / (1024 * 1024));
 
     int bitmapPoolSize = harness.getCalculator().getBitmapPoolSize();
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ public void testCumulativePoolAndMemoryCacheSizeAreLimitedByMemoryClass() {
             harness.getScreenSize()
                 * (harness.bitmapPoolScreens + harness.memoryCacheScreens)
                 * harness.sizeMultiplier);
-    Shadows.shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(memoryClassBytes / (1024 * 1024));
+    shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(memoryClassBytes / (1024 * 1024));
 
     int memoryCacheSize = harness.getCalculator().getMemoryCacheSize();
     int bitmapPoolSize = harness.getCalculator().getBitmapPoolSize();
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ public void testCumulativePoolAndMemoryCacheSizeAreLimitedByMemoryClass() {
 
   @Test
   public void testCumulativePoolAndMemoryCacheSizesAreSmallerOnLowMemoryDevices() {
-    Shadows.shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(getLargeEnoughMemoryClass() / 2);
+    shadowOf(harness.activityManager).setMemoryClass(getLargeEnoughMemoryClass() / 2);
     final int normalMemoryCacheSize = harness.getCalculator().getMemoryCacheSize();
     final int normalBitmapPoolSize = harness.getCalculator().getBitmapPoolSize();
 
diff --git a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/resource/bitmap/TransformationUtilsTest.java b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/resource/bitmap/TransformationUtilsTest.java
index 7e707c8db3..e9b07713b0 100644
--- a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/resource/bitmap/TransformationUtilsTest.java
+++ b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/load/resource/bitmap/TransformationUtilsTest.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.bumptech.glide.load.resource.bitmap;
 
+import static com.bumptech.glide.testutil.CustomShadows.shadowOf;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
-import org.robolectric.Shadows;
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Config;
 
 @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ public void testRotateImage() {
       assertThat(ninety.getPixel(1, 0)).isEqualTo(Color.BLUE);
     } else {
       // Use legacy shadow APIs
-      assertThat(Shadows.shadowOf(ninety).getDescription()).contains("rotate=90.0");
+      assertThat(shadowOf(ninety).getDescription()).contains("rotate=90.0");
     }
     assertEquals(toRotate.getWidth(), toRotate.getHeight());
   }
diff --git a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/manager/DefaultConnectivityMonitorFactoryTest.java b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/manager/DefaultConnectivityMonitorFactoryTest.java
index 3d1a7b58a2..d0a19caae1 100644
--- a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/manager/DefaultConnectivityMonitorFactoryTest.java
+++ b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/manager/DefaultConnectivityMonitorFactoryTest.java
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package com.bumptech.glide.manager;
 
 import static com.bumptech.glide.RobolectricConstants.ROBOLECTRIC_SDK;
+import static com.bumptech.glide.testutil.CustomShadows.shadowOf;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
-import static org.robolectric.Shadows.shadowOf;
 
 import android.app.Application;
 import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
diff --git a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/manager/DefaultConnectivityMonitorTest.java b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/manager/DefaultConnectivityMonitorTest.java
index b206eebf84..324cbacfdc 100644
--- a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/manager/DefaultConnectivityMonitorTest.java
+++ b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/manager/DefaultConnectivityMonitorTest.java
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package com.bumptech.glide.manager;
 
+import static com.bumptech.glide.testutil.CustomShadows.shadowOf;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
-import static org.robolectric.Shadows.shadowOf;
 import static org.robolectric.annotation.LooperMode.Mode.LEGACY;
 
 import android.app.Application;
diff --git a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/manager/RequestManagerRetrieverTest.java b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/manager/RequestManagerRetrieverTest.java
index 4e56768051..75cb28c895 100644
--- a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/manager/RequestManagerRetrieverTest.java
+++ b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/manager/RequestManagerRetrieverTest.java
@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 
 import static com.bumptech.glide.RobolectricConstants.ROBOLECTRIC_SDK;
 import static com.bumptech.glide.tests.BackgroundUtil.testInBackground;
+import static com.bumptech.glide.testutil.CustomShadows.shadowOf;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 import static org.robolectric.annotation.LooperMode.Mode.LEGACY;
@@ -36,7 +38,6 @@
 import org.mockito.Mockito;
 import org.robolectric.Robolectric;
 import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
-import org.robolectric.Shadows;
 import org.robolectric.android.controller.ActivityController;
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Config;
 import org.robolectric.annotation.LooperMode;
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ public void setUp() {
   public void tearDown() {
     Util.setSdkVersionInt(initialSdkVersion);
 
-    Shadows.shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).runToEndOfTasks();
+    shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).runToEndOfTasks();
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -187,21 +188,21 @@ private void helpTestSupportCanGetRequestManagerFromDetachedFragment() {
   }
 
   @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  @Test
   public void testThrowsIfFragmentNotAttached() {
     android.app.Fragment fragment = new android.app.Fragment();
-    retriever.get(fragment);
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> retriever.get(fragment));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+  @Test
   public void testThrowsIfSupportFragmentNotAttached() {
     Fragment fragment = new Fragment();
-    retriever.get(fragment);
+    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> retriever.get(fragment));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  @Test
   public void testThrowsIfGivenNullContext() {
-    retriever.get((Context) null);
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> retriever.get((Context) null));
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -276,7 +277,7 @@ public void testCanCallGetInOnAttachToWindowInFragmentInViewPager() {
     // to the main thread here to work around an issue caused by a recursive method call so we
     // need (and reasonably
     // expect) our message to not run immediately
-    Shadows.shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).pause();
+    shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).pause();
     Robolectric.buildActivity(Issue117Activity.class).create().start().resume().visible();
   }
 
@@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ public void testDoesNotThrowIfAskedToGetManagerForFragmentPreJellyBeanMr1() {
 
   @Test
   public void get_beforeActivityIsCreated_returnsSameRequestManagerAsAfterActivityIsCreated() {
-    ShadowLooper shadowLooper = Shadows.shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper());
+    ShadowLooper shadowLooper = shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper());
     shadowLooper.pause();
     ActivityController<FragmentActivity> controller =
         Robolectric.buildActivity(FragmentActivity.class);
@@ -327,7 +328,7 @@ public void get_beforeActivityIsCreated_returnsSameRequestManagerAsAfterActivity
 
   @Test
   public void get_onDetachedFragment_returnsSameRequestManagerAsAfterFragmentIsAttached() {
-    ShadowLooper shadowLooper = Shadows.shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper());
+    ShadowLooper shadowLooper = shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper());
     shadowLooper.pause();
     ActivityController<FragmentActivity> controller =
         Robolectric.buildActivity(FragmentActivity.class);
diff --git a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/request/target/PreloadTargetTest.java b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/request/target/PreloadTargetTest.java
index cf94ccdbca..41adfafd0e 100644
--- a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/request/target/PreloadTargetTest.java
+++ b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/request/target/PreloadTargetTest.java
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package com.bumptech.glide.request.target;
 
 import static com.bumptech.glide.RobolectricConstants.ROBOLECTRIC_SDK;
+import static com.bumptech.glide.testutil.CustomShadows.shadowOf;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
-import static org.robolectric.Shadows.shadowOf;
 
 import android.os.Looper;
 import com.bumptech.glide.RequestManager;
diff --git a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/request/target/ViewTargetTest.java b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/request/target/ViewTargetTest.java
index 31b113878d..a083e98f7c 100644
--- a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/request/target/ViewTargetTest.java
+++ b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/request/target/ViewTargetTest.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.bumptech.glide.request.target;
 
 import static com.bumptech.glide.RobolectricConstants.ROBOLECTRIC_SDK;
+import static com.bumptech.glide.testutil.CustomShadows.shadowOf;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
@@ -42,7 +43,6 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
-import org.robolectric.Shadows;
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Config;
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Implementation;
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Implements;
@@ -447,11 +447,11 @@ private void setDisplayDimens(Integer width, Integer height) {
             ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
     Display display = Preconditions.checkNotNull(windowManager).getDefaultDisplay();
     if (width != null) {
-      Shadows.shadowOf(display).setWidth(width);
+      shadowOf(display).setWidth(width);
     }
 
     if (height != null) {
-      Shadows.shadowOf(display).setHeight(height);
+      shadowOf(display).setHeight(height);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/signature/AndroidResourceSignatureTest.java b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/signature/AndroidResourceSignatureTest.java
index 1a1155a659..df98a2bd41 100644
--- a/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/signature/AndroidResourceSignatureTest.java
+++ b/library/test/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/signature/AndroidResourceSignatureTest.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.bumptech.glide.signature;
 
+import static com.bumptech.glide.testutil.CustomShadows.shadowOf;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
 import org.robolectric.RuntimeEnvironment;
-import org.robolectric.Shadows;
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Config;
 
 @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public void testKeyForSignatureDiffersByNightMode() {
   @Test
   public void testMissingPackageInfo() throws NameNotFoundException {
     // Make getPackageInfo throw NameNotFoundException.
-    Shadows.shadowOf(context.getPackageManager()).removePackage(context.getPackageName());
+    shadowOf(context.getPackageManager()).removePackage(context.getPackageName());
     Key key = AndroidResourceSignature.obtain(context);
 
     assertNotNull(key);
diff --git a/testutil/build.gradle.kts b/testutil/build.gradle.kts
index 74f35e07c5..e21c3b29a2 100644
--- a/testutil/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/testutil/build.gradle.kts
@@ -1,29 +1,24 @@
-plugins {
-    id("com.android.library")
-}
+plugins { id("com.android.library") }
 
 android {
-    namespace = "com.bumptech.glide.testutil"
-    compileSdk = libs.versions.compile.sdk.version.get().toInt()
+  namespace = "com.bumptech.glide.testutil"
+  compileSdk = libs.versions.compile.sdk.version.get().toInt()
 
-    defaultConfig {
-        minSdk = libs.versions.min.sdk.version.get().toInt()
-    }
+  defaultConfig { minSdk = libs.versions.min.sdk.version.get().toInt() }
 
-    compileOptions {
-        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
-        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
-    }
+  compileOptions {
+    sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
+    targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
+  }
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation(libs.truth)
-    implementation(project(":library"))
-    api(libs.androidx.annotation)
-    api(libs.androidx.core)
-    api(libs.androidx.test.core)
+  implementation(libs.truth)
+  implementation(project(":library"))
+  api(libs.androidx.annotation)
+  api(libs.androidx.core)
+  api(libs.androidx.test.core)
+  implementation(libs.robolectric)
 }
 
-tasks.withType<JavaCompile>().configureEach {
-    exclude("**/google3/**")
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+tasks.withType<JavaCompile>().configureEach { exclude("**/google3/**") }
diff --git a/testutil/src/main/java/com/bumptech/glide/testutil/CustomShadows.java b/testutil/src/main/java/com/bumptech/glide/testutil/CustomShadows.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c521cf04f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testutil/src/main/java/com/bumptech/glide/testutil/CustomShadows.java
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package com.bumptech.glide.testutil;
+
+import android.app.ActivityManager;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.graphics.Bitmap;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.view.Display;
+import android.view.View;
+import org.robolectric.shadow.api.Shadow;
+import org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowActivityManager;
+import org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowBitmap;
+import org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowConnectivityManager;
+import org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowContentResolver;
+import org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowDisplay;
+import org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowLooper;
+import org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowPackageManager;
+import org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowView;
+
+/**
+ * Custom shadows helper to avoid using {@link org.robolectric.Shadows} which references removed
+ * APIs (like FingerprintManager) and causes compilation failures.
+ */
+public final class CustomShadows {
+
+  private CustomShadows() {}
+
+  public static ShadowLooper shadowOf(Looper looper) {
+    return (ShadowLooper) Shadow.extract(looper);
+  }
+
+  public static ShadowDisplay shadowOf(Display display) {
+    return (ShadowDisplay) Shadow.extract(display);
+  }
+
+  public static ShadowView shadowOf(View view) {
+    return (ShadowView) Shadow.extract(view);
+  }
+
+  public static ShadowActivityManager shadowOf(ActivityManager activityManager) {
+    return (ShadowActivityManager) Shadow.extract(activityManager);
+  }
+
+  public static ShadowContentResolver shadowOf(ContentResolver contentResolver) {
+    return (ShadowContentResolver) Shadow.extract(contentResolver);
+  }
+
+  public static ShadowBitmap shadowOf(Bitmap bitmap) {
+    return (ShadowBitmap) Shadow.extract(bitmap);
+  }
+
+  public static ShadowPackageManager shadowOf(PackageManager packageManager) {
+    return (ShadowPackageManager) Shadow.extract(packageManager);
+  }
+
+  public static ShadowConnectivityManager shadowOf(ConnectivityManager connectivityManager) {
+    return (ShadowConnectivityManager) Shadow.extract(connectivityManager);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/gif_decoder/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/gifdecoder/GifDecoderTest.java b/third_party/gif_decoder/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/gifdecoder/GifDecoderTest.java
index ac9fadedac..802a017b2c 100644
--- a/third_party/gif_decoder/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/gifdecoder/GifDecoderTest.java
+++ b/third_party/gif_decoder/src/test/java/com/bumptech/glide/gifdecoder/GifDecoderTest.java
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
-import org.robolectric.Shadows;
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Config;
 
 /** Tests for {@link com.bumptech.glide.gifdecoder.GifDecoder}. */
@@ -175,9 +174,7 @@ private static class MockProvider implements GifDecoder.BitmapProvider {
     @NonNull
     @Override
     public Bitmap obtain(int width, int height, Bitmap.Config config) {
-      Bitmap result = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height, config);
-      Shadows.shadowOf(result).setMutable(true);
-      return result;
+      return Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height, config);
     }
 
     @Override