0_Starting

0. Starting

Ex00

Non-Primitive data structures:

Feature	List	Tuple	Set	Dictionary
Definition	Ordered collection of items	Ordered collection of items (immutable)	Unordered collection of unique items	Collection of key-value pairs
Mutability	Mutable	Immutable	Mutable	Mutable
Indexing	Access by index	Access by index	No indexing	Access by key
Duplicates	Duplicates allowed	Duplicates allowed	No duplicates	Duplicates not allowed
Syntax	[ ]	( )	{ }	{ key: value }
Example	[1, 2, 'a', 'b']	(1, 2, 'a', 'b')	{1, 2, 'a', 'b'}	{'a': 1, 'b': 2}
Use case	When order matters and duplicates are allowed	When order matters and you want immutability	When uniqueness matters, and order or duplicates don't	When mapping keys to values

Ex01

Work with timestamps:

• time.time() gets current unix timestamp
• time.strftime("%b %d %Y", time.localtime(timestamp)) allows to format the timestamp in the desired format.

Ex02

Object type:

• type(<object>) returns the type of the object as <class 'list'>, <class 'str'>, etc.

Ex03

Null types:

Data Type	Null Value	How to Check
NoneType	None	object is None
float	NaN (Not a Number)	object != object
int	0	object == 0
str	''	len(object) == 0
bool	False	object is False

Ex04

• Get command line arguments with sys.argv. First argument is the program name.
• Raise exceptions with raise <Exception> and catch them in an try-except block.

Ex05

• str has isupper(), islower(), isspace() and isdigit()
• Punctuation symbols: "!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_{|}~"`
• Get user input: input("Type input")

Ex06

• List comprehension: new_list = [expression for item in iterable if condition]
• Lambda: It allows you to create a function without a proper name (hence "anonymous") in a single line of code. lambda arguments: expression

Ex07

Dictionary usage and str join.

• dic_name['key'] takes value of key.
• dic_name.keys() gets the keys of the dict.
• dic_name.values() gets the values of the dict.
• " ".join(list) creates a string appending elements with " ".

Ex08

• yield operator in Python is used within generator functions to generate a sequence of values iteratively. It suspends the function's execution temporarily, allowing it to yield a value back to the caller while retaining its state. This facilitates the generation of large sequences of values efficiently without storing them all in memory simultaneously.
• \r (carriage return) in print. Example: print(f"\rpatata {i}", end=''). When printed, it moves the cursor back to the beginning of the current line, allowing subsequent output to overwrite the existing content on that line. It's commonly used to create dynamic or updating text, like progress bars or status indicators. Is used in combination with end='' to ensure that the cursor moves back to the beginning of the line without starting a new line.

Ex09

Create a package:

• python3 -m build
• Packaging Python Projects
• Writing your pyproject.toml

Install local package:

• pip install ./dist/ft_package-0.0.1.tar.gz
• pip install ./dist/ft_package-0.0.1-py3-none-any.whl

See package info:

• pip show -v ft_package