Better error message when specialize-partial-application of non-staging time relation

[jasonhemann]

Presently,

compile-reference: no compiled name in table for #<syntax:/Users/jhemann/class/2024/Summer/stage-mk-try-out5.rkt:5:33 applyo>
Context (plain):
 /Applications/Racket v8.13/collects/syntax/private/id-table.rkt:77:2 do-ref
 /Applications/Racket v8.13/collects/syntax/private/id-table.rkt:77:2 do-ref
 .../private/check.rkt:82:9 compile-reference
 .../private/parse-interp.rkt:643:50