diff --git a/tests/functional/builtins/codegen/test_abi_decode.py b/tests/functional/builtins/codegen/test_abi_decode.py
index ca326a0d54..14f299b89f 100644
--- a/tests/functional/builtins/codegen/test_abi_decode.py
+++ b/tests/functional/builtins/codegen/test_abi_decode.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 from tests.evm_backends.base_env import EvmError, ExecutionReverted
 from tests.utils import decimal_to_int
 from vyper.compiler import compile_code
+from vyper.compiler.settings import Settings
 from vyper.exceptions import ArgumentException, StructureException
 from vyper.utils import method_id
 
@@ -478,6 +479,14 @@ def foo(x: Bytes[32]):
     (
         """
 @external
+def foo(data: Bytes[4]) -> (uint256, uint256):
+    return abi_decode(data, (uint256, uint256))
+    """,
+        StructureException,  # Size of input data is smaller than expected output
+    ),
+    (
+        """
+@external
 def foo(x: Bytes[32]):
     _abi_decode(x)
     """,
@@ -491,6 +500,19 @@ def test_abi_decode_length_mismatch(get_contract, assert_compile_failed, bad_cod
     assert_compile_failed(lambda: get_contract(bad_code), exception)
 
 
+def test_abi_decode_undersized_buffer_venom():
+    code = """
+@external
+def foo(data: Bytes[4]) -> (uint256, uint256):
+    return abi_decode(data, (uint256, uint256))
+    """
+
+    with pytest.raises(StructureException):
+        compile_code(
+            code, output_formats=["bytecode"], settings=Settings(experimental_codegen=True)
+        )
+
+
 def _abi_payload_from_tuple(payload: tuple[int | bytes, ...], max_sz: int) -> bytes:
     ret = b"".join(p.to_bytes(32, "big") if isinstance(p, int) else p for p in payload)
     assert len(ret) <= max_sz
diff --git a/vyper/codegen_venom/builtins/abi.py b/vyper/codegen_venom/builtins/abi.py
index a7496c5093..d0cb61b919 100644
--- a/vyper/codegen_venom/builtins/abi.py
+++ b/vyper/codegen_venom/builtins/abi.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 from vyper.codegen_venom.abi import abi_decode_to_buf, abi_encode_to_buf
 from vyper.codegen_venom.buffer import Buffer, Ptr
 from vyper.codegen_venom.value import VyperValue
-from vyper.exceptions import CompilerPanic
+from vyper.exceptions import CompilerPanic, StructureException
 from vyper.semantics.data_locations import DataLocation
 from vyper.semantics.types import BytesT, TupleT
 from vyper.utils import fourbytes_to_int
@@ -211,6 +211,19 @@ def lower_abi_decode(node: vy_ast.Call, ctx: VenomCodegenContext) -> VyperValue:
     if unwrap_tuple:
         wrapped_typ = calculate_type_for_external_return(output_typ)
 
+    # Compile-time check that the input buffer can fit the decoded type
+    abi_size_bound = wrapped_typ.abi_type.size_bound()
+    input_max_len = data_node._metadata["type"].maxlen
+    if input_max_len < abi_size_bound:
+        raise StructureException(
+            (
+                "Mismatch between size of input and size of decoded types. "
+                f"length of ABI-encoded {wrapped_typ} must be equal to or greater "
+                f"than {abi_size_bound}"
+            ),
+            node.args[0],
+        )
+
     # Get data pointer and length
     data_vv = Expr(data_node, ctx).lower()
     data = ctx.unwrap(data_vv)  # Copies storage/transient to memory