Beyond Basics Python 🐍

An intermediate-to-advanced Python reference repo — 20+ topic folders covering decorators, OOP, closures, memory management, APIs, SQLite, MongoDB, and 50+ practice exercises.

This goes where most Python tutorials stop. Less "how to print hello world", more "how decorators actually work", "what mutable vs immutable means for your code", and "how to build a real CRUD app with both SQL and NoSQL databases."

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Table of Contents

• Topics Covered
• Quick Start
• Learning Path
• Featured Projects
• Tech Stack
• About

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Topics Covered

Data Structures & Types

Folder	Topic	What's Covered
01_basics	Fundamentals	Data types, object types, Python internals
02_boolean	Booleans	Truthy/falsy values, boolean logic
Numbers	Numbers	Precision, math operations, decimal module
String	Strings	f-strings, formatting, string methods
List	Lists	Operations, comprehensions, advanced patterns
Dictionary	Dictionaries	Methods, patterns, dict comprehensions
Tuples	Tuples	Immutable sequences, unpacking, type checks
set	Sets	Set theory, operations, deduplication
muteableVsimmutable	Mutability	Deep dive into mutable vs immutable objects

Control Flow & Functions

Folder	Topic	What's Covered
10_loops	Loops	for/while, comprehensions, iteration
10_Conditionals	Conditionals	if/else, match-case
10_functions	Functions	args, kwargs, lambdas, default params
bts_in_loops	Iterator Protocol	How iteration works under the hood

Advanced Python

Folder	Topic	What's Covered
Decoraters	Decorators	@timer, @debug, @cache — production-ready patterns
scope_and_clousers	Closures & Scope	Lexical scope, closure examples, nonlocal
OOP	OOP	Classes, inheritance, polymorphism, Car and ElectricCar example
Error_handling	Error Handling	try/except, custom exceptions, real project
inner-working	Memory & Internals	Memory management, reference counting, execution model

Real-World

Folder	Topic	What's Covered
Api_handling	API Integration	requests, JSON parsing, random user API
youtube_manager	YouTube Manager App	Full CRUD app — SQLite and MongoDB implementations
practise	Practice Exercises	50+ coding challenges across all topics

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Quick Start

git clone https://github.com/Wcoder547/beyond-basics-python.git
cd beyond-basics-python
pip install -r requirements.txt   # requests, pymongo

Navigate to any folder and run the script:

cd Decoraters
python decorators.py

No virtual environment required, but recommended:

python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate    # Windows: venv\Scripts\activate
pip install -r requirements.txt

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Learning Path

Work through topics in this order for the best progression:

Week 1 — Data Structures
  01_basics → Numbers → String → List → Dictionary → Tuples → set → muteableVsimmutable

Week 2 — Control Flow & Functions
  10_loops → 10_Conditionals → 10_functions → bts_in_loops

Week 3 — Advanced Functions
  scope_and_clousers → Decoraters

Week 4 — OOP & Error Handling
  OOP → Error_handling → inner-working

Week 5 — Real-World Applications
  Api_handling → youtube_manager → practise

Already know the basics? Jump straight to Decoraters, scope_and_clousers, or inner-working.

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Featured Projects

YouTube Manager (youtube_manager/)

A full CRUD application for managing YouTube video records — built twice:

• SQLite version — relational, file-based, zero setup
• MongoDB version — document-based, using pymongo

Great for seeing the same business logic implemented against two completely different database paradigms.

Decorator Library (Decoraters/)

Three production-ready decorators:

• @timer — measures function execution time
• @debug — logs function calls with arguments and return values
• @cache — simple memoization for expensive functions

Practice Exercises (practise/)

50+ exercises spanning all topics. Work through them after each module or use them to test your understanding before moving on.

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Tech Stack

Layer	Technology
Language	Python 3.11+
HTTP	requests
Databases	SQLite (sqlite3), MongoDB (pymongo)
Utilities	functools, time, json, sys

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About

Python is easy to get started with and surprisingly deep to master. This repo was built to cover the depth — the parts that make you a better Python developer, not just a Python user: how decorators work as first-class functions, what closures capture and why, how Python's memory model handles mutable objects, and how the iterator protocol powers every for loop you've ever written.

The youtube_manager folder alone is worth cloning the repo for — building the same CRUD app against SQLite and MongoDB side by side makes the tradeoffs between relational and document databases concrete rather than theoretical.

Built by Waseem Akram — Full-Stack Developer and DevOps Engineer based in Pakistan, working across the MERN stack, Generative AI integrations, and cloud automation.

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