[FLINK-XXXXX][table] Add GEOGRAPHY Java API and runtime representation

[davidchaava]

What is the purpose of the change

This draft PR adds the initial Java Table API entry point and runtime data
representation for the proposed native Flink GEOGRAPHY type.

It is part of the prototype for the ongoing FLIP discussion around native
GEOGRAPHY support in Flink SQL / Table API.

This PR is stacked on top of the GEOGRAPHY logical type model PR and is not
intended to be merged before the FLIP direction is agreed.

Brief change log

• Add DataTypes.GEOGRAPHY().
• Add GeographyData.
• Add BinaryGeographyData backed by raw ISO WKB bytes.
• Add GEOGRAPHY accessors to row and array data structures.
• Add binary row/array support for GEOGRAPHY.
• Add GeographyDataSerializer.
• Add tests for the Java API, binary representation, and serializer.

Verifying this change

This change adds and extends tests for the GEOGRAPHY API and runtime
representation:

• DataTypesTest
• SchemaTest
• BinaryGeographyDataTest
• GeographyDataSerializerTest
• RowDataSerializerTest
• TypeSerializerTestCoverageTest

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies: no
• Public API: yes, adds DataTypes.GEOGRAPHY() as part of the proposed type API
• Serializers: yes, adds GeographyDataSerializer
• Runtime per-record code paths: yes, adds row/array access paths for GEOGRAPHY values
• Deployment or recovery: no
• S3 file system connector: no

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? yes
• If yes, how is the feature documented? not documented yet; this is a draft PR for the FLIP discussion

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• a45f7b8 Azure: SUCCESS

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