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feat(x86_64): boot Asterinas as zone1 via Multiboot2, with virtio-blk/net/console #322

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feat(x86_64): boot Asterinas as zone1 via Multiboot2, with virtio-blk/net/console #322

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4fa62a4
feat(x86_64): add Multiboot2 boot protocol support for non-root zones
yydawx Jun 12, 2026
8f0cd99
fix(x86_64): improve exception handling for non-root zones
yydawx Jun 12, 2026
45678c6
fix(x86_64): improve virtio bridge robustness
yydawx Jun 12, 2026
9aea506
feat(x86_64): add example configs and zone0 adjustments for Asterinas
yydawx Jun 12, 2026
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28 changes: 13 additions & 15 deletions platform/x86_64/qemu/board.rs
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -53,10 +53,12 @@ const ROOT_ZONE_UEFI_REGION: HvConfigMemoryRegion = HvConfigMemoryRegion {
const ROOT_ZONE_UEFI_REGION_ID: usize = 0x3;

pub const ROOT_ZONE_NAME: &str = "root-linux";
pub const ROOT_ZONE_CMDLINE: &str =
// "BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/aster-kernel-osdk-bin SHELL=/bin/sh LOGNAME=root HOME=/ USER=root PATH=/bin:/benchmark ostd.log_level=info console=ttyS0 console=tty0 -- sh -l";
// TODO: Asterinas
"console=ttyS0 earlyprintk=serial nointremap no_timer_check efi=noruntime pci=pcie_scan_all,lastbus=1 root=/dev/vda rw init=/init\0";

/// Reserved HPA range for zone1 high memory (0x1_0000_0000 -> 0x2_E000_0000).
/// Adjust if zone1 high-memory layout changes.
const ZONE1_HIGH_RESERVED_SIZE: u64 = 0x1_E000_0000;
pub const ROOT_ZONE_CMDLINE: &str =
"console=tty0 console=ttyS0 earlycon=efifb earlyprintk=serial nointremap no_timer_check efi=noruntime pci=pcie_scan_all,lastbus=1 root=/dev/vda rw init=/sbin/init\0";
//"console=ttyS0 earlyprintk=serial rdinit=/init nokaslr nointremap\0"; // noapic
// video=vesafb
// /lib/systemd/systemd
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -106,13 +108,11 @@ pub const ROOT_ZONE_MEMORY_REGIONS: [HvConfigMemoryRegion; 10] = [
mem_type: MEM_TYPE_RESERVED,
physical_start: 0x1_0000_0000,
virtual_start: 0x1_0000_0000,
size: 0x7000_0000,
}, // zone 1
size: ZONE1_HIGH_RESERVED_SIZE,
}, // zone 1 (0x100000000 → 0x2E0000000)
];

const ROOT_ZONE_CMDLINE_ADDR: GuestPhysAddr = 0x9000;
// TODO: Asterinas
// const ROOT_ZONE_SETUP_ADDR: GuestPhysAddr = 0xf_f000;
const ROOT_ZONE_SETUP_ADDR: GuestPhysAddr = 0xa000;
const ROOT_ZONE_VMLINUX_ENTRY_ADDR: GuestPhysAddr = 0x10_0000;
const ROOT_ZONE_SCREEN_BASE_ADDR: GuestPhysAddr = 0x7000_0000;
Expand All @@ -126,14 +126,15 @@ pub const ROOT_ARCH_ZONE_CONFIG: HvArchZoneConfig = HvArchZoneConfig {
kernel_entry_gpa: ROOT_ZONE_VMLINUX_ENTRY_ADDR,
cmdline_load_gpa: ROOT_ZONE_CMDLINE_ADDR,
setup_load_gpa: ROOT_ZONE_SETUP_ADDR,
// TODO: Asterinas
initrd_load_gpa:0,// 0x1530_0000,
initrd_size:0,// 0x210_0000, //0x26_b000,
initrd_load_gpa: 0, // 0x1500_0000,
initrd_size: 0, //0x26_b000,
rsdp_memory_region_id: ROOT_ZONE_RSDP_REGION_ID,
acpi_memory_region_id: ROOT_ZONE_ACPI_REGION_ID,
uefi_memory_region_id: ROOT_ZONE_UEFI_REGION_ID,
// not longer than 32 bits
screen_base: ROOT_ZONE_SCREEN_BASE_ADDR,
multiboot_info_paddr: 0,
multiboot_enabled: 0,
};

pub const ROOT_PCI_CONFIG: [HvPciConfig; 1] = [HvPciConfig {
Expand All @@ -159,12 +160,9 @@ pub const ROOT_PCI_DEVS: [HvPciDevConfig; 8] = [
pci_dev!(0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, VpciDevType::Physical), // VGA controller
pci_dev!(0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, VpciDevType::Physical), // Ethernet controller
pci_dev!(0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, VpciDevType::Physical), // PCI bridge
// Asterinas
pci_dev!(0x0, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, VpciDevType::Physical), // PCI bridge

pci_dev!(0x0, 0x0, 0x1f, 0x0, VpciDevType::Physical), // ISA bridge
pci_dev!(0x0, 0x0, 0x1f, 0x2, VpciDevType::Physical), // SATA controller
// pci_dev!(0x0, 0x0, 0x1f, 0x3, VpciDevType::Physical), // SMBus
pci_dev!(0x0, 0x0, 0x1f, 0x3, VpciDevType::Physical), // SMBus
pci_dev!(0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, VpciDevType::Physical), // SCSI controller
];

Expand Down
36 changes: 12 additions & 24 deletions platform/x86_64/qemu/configs/virtio_cfg.json
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -7,46 +7,34 @@
"zone0_ipa": "0x40300000",
"zonex_ipa": "0x0",
"size": "0x20000000"
},
{
"zone0_ipa": "0x100000000",
"zonex_ipa": "0x100000000",
"size": "0x70000000"
}
],
"devices": [
{
"type": "console",
"addr": "0x5950f000",
"status": "enable",
"addr": "0xFEB00000",
"len": "0x200",
"irq": 10,
"status": "enable"
"irq": "16"
},
{
"type": "net",
"addr": "0x5950f200",
"status": "enable",
"addr": "0xFEB00200",
"len": "0x200",
"irq": 14,
"irq": "17",
"tap": "tap0",
"mac": [
"0x00",
"0x16",
"0x3e",
"0x10",
"0x10",
"0x10"
],
"status": "enable"
"mac": ["0x00", "0x16", "0x3e", "0x10", "0x10", "0x10"]
},
{
"type": "blk",
"addr": "0x5950f400",
"status": "enable",
"addr": "0xFEB00400",
"len": "0x200",
"irq": 11,
"img": "rootfs2.img",
"status": "enable"
"irq": "18",
"img": "/zone1_disk.img"
}
]
}
]
}
}
84 changes: 84 additions & 0 deletions platform/x86_64/qemu/configs/zone1-asterinas.json
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
{
"name": "asterinas",
"zone_id": 1,
"cpus": [2, 3],
"memory_regions": [
{
"type": "ram",
"physical_start": "0x40300000",
"virtual_start": "0x0",
"size": "0xe0000"
},
{
"type": "ram",
"physical_start": "0x403e0000",
"virtual_start": "0xe0000",
"size": "0x20000"
},
{
"type": "ram",
"physical_start": "0x40400000",
"virtual_start": "0x100000",
"size": "0x1fe00000"
},
{
"type": "ram",
"physical_start": "0x60200000",
"virtual_start": "0x1ff00000",
"size": "0x100000"
},
{
"type": "virtio",
"physical_start": "0xFEB00000",
"virtual_start": "0xFEB00000",
"size": "0x2000"
}
],
"interrupts": [],
"ivc_configs": [],
"kernel_filepath": "./aster-kernel-osdk-bin",
"dtb_filepath": "null",
"kernel_load_paddr": "0x8000000",
"dtb_load_paddr": "0x00000000",
"entry_point": "0x8000",
"multiboot_enabled": true,
"multiboot_info_paddr": "0x9000000",
"kernel_cmdline": "console=hvc0 root=/dev/vda rw ostd.log_level=error",
"initramfs_filepath": "./initramfs.cpio.gz",
"initramfs_load_gpa": "0x10000000",
"arch_config": {
"ioapic_base": "0xfec00000",
"ioapic_size": "0x1000",
"boot_filepath": "mb2_boot.bin",
"boot_load_paddr": "0x8000",
"kernel_entry_gpa": "0x8000000",
"cmdline_load_gpa": "0x9000000",
"setup_load_gpa": "0x80000",
"initrd_load_gpa": "0x0",
"initrd_size": "0x0",
"rsdp_memory_region_id": 1,
"acpi_memory_region_id": 3,
"uefi_memory_region_id": 0,
"screen_base": "0x0"
},
"pci_config": [
{
"ecam_base": "0xb0000000",
"ecam_size": "0x200000",
"io_base": "0x0",
"io_size": "0x0",
"pci_io_base": "0x0",
"mem32_base": "0x0",
"mem32_size": "0x0",
"pci_mem32_base": "0x0",
"mem64_base": "0x0",
"mem64_size": "0x0",
"pci_mem64_base": "0x0",
"bus_range_begin": "0x0",
"bus_range_end": "0x1f",
"domain": "0x0"
}
],
"num_pci_devs": 0,
"alloc_pci_devs": []
}
68 changes: 68 additions & 0 deletions platform/x86_64/qemu/image/mb2_bootloader/mb2_boot.S
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@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
# Multiboot2 bootloader for Asterinas zone1
# Transitions from 16-bit real mode to 32-bit protected mode,
# sets up GDT with TSS, then jumps to the kernel entry point.
#
# Entry state (from VMCS guest_regs via unrestricted guest):
# EAX = Multiboot2 magic (0x36D76289)
# EBX = Multiboot2 info pointer (GPA)
# ESI = Kernel entry point (GPA)

.section .text
.code16
.global mb2_entry16
mb2_entry16:
cli
cld

mov ebp, eax # save multiboot magic
mov edi, ebx # save multiboot info pointer
mov ecx, esi # save kernel entry point

xor ax, ax
mov ds, ax
mov es, ax
mov ss, ax

lgdt [mb2_gdt_desc]
mov eax, cr0
or eax, 0x1
mov cr0, eax

ljmp 0x08, mb2_entry32

.code32
.global mb2_entry32
mb2_entry32:
mov ax, 0x10
mov ds, ax
mov es, ax
mov ss, ax
mov fs, ax
mov gs, ax

# Load TSS (entry 4 at selector 0x20)
mov ax, 0x20
ltr ax

# Restore Multiboot2 parameters
mov eax, ebp
mov ebx, edi

# Set up stack
mov esp, MB2_STACK

# Jump to kernel entry
jmp ecx

.align 16
mb2_gdt:
.quad 0x0000000000000000 # 0x00: null
.quad 0x00cf9b000000ffff # 0x08: 32-bit code
.quad 0x00cf93000000ffff # 0x10: 32-bit data
.quad 0x0000000000000000 # 0x18: unused
.quad MB2_TSS_DESCRIPTOR # 0x20: 32-bit available TSS
mb2_gdt_end:

mb2_gdt_desc:
.short mb2_gdt_end - mb2_gdt - 1
.long mb2_gdt
15 changes: 15 additions & 0 deletions platform/x86_64/qemu/image/mb2_bootloader/mb2_boot.ld
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
OUTPUT_ARCH(i386)
BASE_ADDRESS = 0x8000;

ENTRY(mb2_entry16)
SECTIONS
{
. = BASE_ADDRESS;
.text : {
*(.text .text.*)
}

/DISCARD/ : {
*(.eh_frame) *(.eh_frame_hdr)
}
}
37 changes: 37 additions & 0 deletions platform/x86_64/qemu/image/mb2_bootloader/mb2_boot.mk
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@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
mb2_boot_dir := $(image_dir)/mb2_bootloader
mb2_boot_out_dir := $(image_dir)/mb2_bootloader/out

mb2_boot_src := $(mb2_boot_dir)/mb2_boot.S
mb2_boot_lds := $(mb2_boot_dir)/mb2_boot.ld

mb2_boot_o := $(mb2_boot_out_dir)/mb2_boot.o
mb2_boot_elf := $(mb2_boot_out_dir)/mb2_boot.elf
mb2_boot_bin := $(mb2_boot_out_dir)/mb2_boot.bin

AS ?= as
LD ?= ld
OBJCOPY ?= objcopy

# TSS descriptor: base=0x8048000, limit=103, type=0x89 (32-bit available TSS)
MB2_TSS_DESC := 0x8000890480000067
MB2_STACK := 0x804a000

mb2_boot_flags := --32 -msyntax=intel -mnaked-reg
mb2_boot_flags += --defsym MB2_STACK=$(MB2_STACK)
mb2_boot_flags += --defsym MB2_TSS_DESCRIPTOR=$(MB2_TSS_DESC)

mb2_boot: | $(mb2_boot_out_dir) $(mb2_boot_bin)

$(mb2_boot_out_dir):
mkdir -p $@

$(mb2_boot_o): $(mb2_boot_src)
$(AS) $(mb2_boot_flags) $< -o $@

$(mb2_boot_elf): $(mb2_boot_o) $(mb2_boot_lds)
$(LD) -T$(mb2_boot_lds) $< -o $@

$(mb2_boot_bin): $(mb2_boot_elf)
$(OBJCOPY) $< --strip-all -O binary $@

.PHONY: mb2_boot
9 changes: 7 additions & 2 deletions platform/x86_64/qemu/platform.mk
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
QEMU := qemu-system-x86_64

zone0_boot := $(image_dir)/bootloader/out/boot.bin
zone1_mb2_boot := $(image_dir)/mb2_bootloader/out/mb2_boot.bin
zone0_setup := $(image_dir)/kernel/setup.bin
zone0_vmlinux := $(image_dir)/kernel/vmlinux.bin
zone0_asterinas := $(image_dir)/kernel/aster-kernel-osdk-bin
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ QEMU_ARGS += -drive file=$(image_dir)/virtdisk/hvisor.iso,format=raw,index=0,med
# QEMU_ARGS += -device loader,file="$(zone0_initrd)",addr=0x1a000000,force-raw=on
# QEMU_ARGS += -append "initrd_size=$(shell stat -c%s $(zone0_initrd))"

$(hvisor_bin): elf boot
$(hvisor_bin): elf boot mb2_boot
$(OBJCOPY) $(hvisor_elf) --strip-all -O binary $@
cp $(hvisor_elf) $(image_dir)/iso/boot
mkdir -p $(image_dir)/iso/boot/kernel
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -89,11 +90,15 @@ $(hvisor_bin): elf boot
else \
echo "Warning: $(zone0_initrd) not found, skipping"; \
fi
if [ -f $(zone1_mb2_boot) ]; then \
cp $(zone1_mb2_boot) $(image_dir)/iso/boot/kernel; \
fi

if command -v xorriso >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
grub-mkrescue /usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi -o $(image_dir)/virtdisk/hvisor.iso $(image_dir)/iso; \
else \
echo "Warning: xorriso not installed, skipping ISO creation"; \
fi

include $(image_dir)/bootloader/boot.mk
include $(image_dir)/bootloader/boot.mk
include $(image_dir)/mb2_bootloader/mb2_boot.mk
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